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《关于中美经贸磋商的中方立场》白皮书(四)
来源:未知  时间:2019-06-14

II. The US has backtracked on its commitments in the China-US economic and trade consultations

二、美国在中美经贸磋商中出尔反尔、不讲诚信

 

In response to the economic and trade friction started by the US, China has been forced to take countermeasures, as bilateral trade and investment relations took a hit. For the well-being of the Chinese and American people and the economic development of the two countries, both sides deemed it necessary to come to the negotiating table to seek a solution through consultation. Since they were launched in February 2018, the economic and trade consultations have come a long way with the two sides agreeing on most parts of the deal. But the consultations have not been free of setbacks, each of them being the result of a US breach of consensus and commitments, and backtracking.

美国挑起经贸摩擦后,中国不得不采取应对措施,两国贸易、投资关系受到影响。双方从两国人民福祉需要、从各自经济发展需要出发,都认为有必要坐下来进行谈判,通过磋商解决问题。自20182月经贸磋商启动以来,已取得很大进展,两国就大部分内容达成共识,但磋商也经历了几次波折,每次波折都源于美国的违背共识、出尔反尔、不讲诚信。

 

(I) The first US backtracking

(一)第一次出尔反尔

 

China had advocated resolving economic and trade friction through negotiation and consultation from the start. In early February 2018, the US government expressed the wish that China send a high-level delegation to the US to engage in economic and trade consultation. Demonstrating great goodwill and positive efforts, China held several rounds of high-level economic and trade consultations with the US, characterized by in-depth exchanges of views on trade imbalance among other major issues. The two sides made substantial progress as they reached preliminary consensus on expanding Chinas imports of agricultural and energy products from the US. However, on March 22, 2018, the US government unveiled the so-called report on Section 301 investigation of China, falsely accusing China of IP theft and forced technology transfer, and subsequently announced an additional tariff of 25 percent on US$50 billion of Chinese exports to the US.

中国从一开始就主张,中美经贸摩擦应通过谈判磋商解决。20182月初,美国政府提出希望中国派高级别代表团赴美进行经贸磋商。中国展示了极大诚意,作出积极努力,先后与美国举行了数轮高级别经贸磋商,重点就贸易不平衡等问题深入交换意见,并就扩大自美国进口农产品、能源产品等初步达成共识,取得重要进展。但是,2018322日,美国政府抛出所谓对华“301调查”报告,对中国提出“盗窃知识产权”“强制技术转让”等不实指责,并基于此宣称将对从中国进口的价值500亿美元商品加征25%关税。

 

(II) The second US backtracking

(二)第二次出尔反尔

 

Taking a big-picture view of the bilateral relationship, the Chinese government sent a working team again to the US to engage in genuine consultations. On May 19, 2018, China and the US issued a joint statement, agreeing to refrain from fighting a trade war, to continue high-level communications, and to actively seek solutions to respective economic and trade concerns. The US publicly announced that it would suspend the plan for additional tariffs on Chinese goods. On May 29, 2018, despite the opposition of its domestic business community and the general public, the US administration tore up the consensus just ten days after the joint statement, gratuitously criticizing Chinas economic system and trade policy, while announcing the resumption of the tariff program. Starting from early July 2018, in three steps, the US imposed additional tariffs of 25 percent on Chinese exports worth US$50 billion, and additional tariffs of 10 percent on US$200 billion of Chinese exports, which, according to the US, would be raised to 25 percent on January 1, 2019. In addition, the US threatened further tariffs on all remaining Chinese exports, leading to quick escalation of the economic and trade friction between the two countries. In defense of its national dignity and its peoples interests, China had to respond in kind and raised tariffs on imports worth US$110 billion from the US.

中国政府以两国关系大局为重,再次派出工作团队同美国进行了认真磋商。2018519日,中美发布联合声明,达成了“双方不打贸易战”的共识,同意继续保持高层沟通,积极寻求解决各自关注的经贸问题。美国公开表示,暂停推进对华加征关税计划。2018529日,美国政府不顾国内工商界和广大民众的反对,在双方发布联合声明仅10天后就推翻磋商共识,对中国的经济体制、贸易政策横加指责,宣布将继续推进加征关税计划。自20187月初以来,美国分三次对500亿美元中国输美商品加征25%的关税、对2000亿美元中国输美商品加征10%的关税,并称自201911日起将税率提高至25%。美国还威胁要对剩余所有中国输美商品加征关税,导致两国间的经贸摩擦快速升级。中国为捍卫国家尊严和人民利益,不得不作出必要反应,累计对1100亿美元美国输华商品加征关税。

 

(III) The third US backtracking

(三)第三次出尔反尔

 

On November 1, 2018, US President Donald Trump had a telephone conversation with Chinese President Xi Jinping and proposed a summit meeting. On December 1 the two presidents had a meeting on the margins of the G20 Summit in Argentina. In accordance with their important consensus on economic and trade issues, the two sides agreed to halt new additional tariffs for 90 days to allow for intensive talks geared toward the full elimination of all additional tariffs. In the ensuing 90 days, the working teams of China and the US held three rounds of high-level consultations in Beijing and Washington D.C., reaching preliminary consensus on many matters of principle for the China-US economic and trade deal. On February 25, 2019, the US announced the postponement of the additional tariffs scheduled for March 1 on US$200 billion of Chinese exports to the US. From late March to early April, the working teams of the two countries held another three rounds of high-level consultations and made substantial progress. Following numerous rounds of consultations, the two countries had agreed on most of the issues. Regarding the remaining issues, the Chinese government urged mutual understanding and compromise for solutions to be found.

2018111日,美国总统特朗普同习近平主席通电话,并提议举行两国元首会晤。121日,中美两国元首在阿根廷二十国集团领导人峰会期间举行会晤,就双边经贸问题达成重要共识,同意停止相互加征新的关税,在90天内加紧开展磋商,朝着取消所有加征关税的方向努力。此后90天里,中美工作团队在北京和华盛顿举行3轮高级别磋商,就中美经贸协议的原则内容达成许多初步共识。2019225日,美方宣布推迟原定的31日起对价值2000亿美元中国输美商品提高关税的期限。3月底至4月底,两国工作团队又进行3轮高级别磋商,取得实质性进展。经过多轮磋商,两国已就大部分问题达成一致。针对遗留问题,中国政府提出,双方要互谅互让,共同寻找解决分歧的办法。

But the more the US government is offered, the more it wants. Resorting to intimidation and coercion, it persisted with exorbitant demands, maintained the additional tariffs imposed since the friction began, and insisted on including mandatory requirements concerning Chinas sovereign affairs in the deal, which only served to delay the resolution of remaining differences. On May 6, 2019, the US irresponsibly accused China of backtracking on its position to shift the blame for the inconclusive talks onto China. Despite China's fierce opposition, the US raised the additional tariffs on US$200 billion of Chinese exports to the US from 10 percent to 25 percent, which represented a serious setback to the economic and trade consultations. On May 13, the US announced that it had launched procedures to slap additional tariffs on remaining Chinese goods, which are worth around US$300 billion. These acts contradicted the agreement reached by the two presidents to ease friction through consultation – and the expectations of people around the world – casting a shadow over the bilateral economic and trade consultations and world economic growth. In defense of its own interests, China had to take tariff measures in response.

然而,美国政府得寸进尺,采取霸凌主义态度和极限施压手段,坚持不合理的高要价,坚持不取消经贸摩擦以来加征的全部关税,坚持在协议中写入涉及中国主权事务的强制性要求,导致双方迟迟未能弥合剩余分歧。201956日,美国不负责任地指责中国立场“倒退”,企图将谈判迄未完成的责任归咎于中国,并不顾中国坚决反对,自510日起将2000亿美元中国输美商品加征关税税率由10%提高至25%,导致中美经贸磋商严重受挫。513日,美国宣布启动对剩余约3000亿美元中国输美商品加征关税的程序。上述举动与中美元首通过磋商化解摩擦的共识相悖,与两国和世界各国人民的期待相悖,给双边经贸磋商和世界经济增长前景蒙上了阴影。为捍卫自身利益,中国不得不采取加征关税的措施予以应对。

 

(IV) The US government should bear the sole and entire responsibility for this severe setback to the China-US economic and trade consultations

(四)中美经贸磋商严重受挫,责任完全在美国政府

 

The US government accusation of Chinese backtracking is totally groundless. It is common practice for both sides to make new proposals for adjustments to the text and language in ongoing consultations. In the previous more than ten rounds of negotiations, the US administration kept changing its demands. It is reckless to accuse China of backtracking while the talks are still under way. Historical experience has proved that any attempt to force a deal through tactics such as smears, undermining and maximum pressure will only spoil the cooperative relationship. Historic opportunities will be missed.

美国政府指责中国在磋商中“开倒车”完全是无稽之谈。在双方磋商仍在进行的过程中,就文本内容及相关表述提出修改建议、做出调整,这是贸易谈判的通常做法,美国政府在过去十余轮谈判中曾不断调整相关诉求,随意指责中方“倒退”是不负责任的。历史经验证明,试图通过泼脏水、拆台、极限施压等手段达成协议,只会破坏双方合作关系,错失历史机遇。

A civilized country turns to forceful measures only when gentler approaches have failed. After the US issued the new tariff threat, the international community was widely concerned that China might cancel the consultation visit to the US. It kept a close watch on the future direction of the China-US trade negotiations. Bearing in mind the broader interests of trade and economic relations between the two countries, China remained cool-headed, exercised restraint, and sent a senior delegation to the US, as agreed, for the 11th round of economic and trade consultation from May 9 to 10. In doing so, China demonstrated the greatest sincerity and a strong sense of responsibility for resolving trade disputes through dialogue. In the following candid and constructive discussions, the two sides agreed to manage differences and continue consultations. China expressed strong opposition to the unilateral tariff increase by the US and stated its firm position that it would have to take necessary countermeasures. China emphasized once again that trade deals must be based on equality and mutual benefit. China will never compromise on major principles concerning Chinas core interests. One prerequisite for a trade deal is that the US should remove all additional tariffs imposed on Chinese exports and Chinas purchase of US goods should be realistic while ensuring that a proper balance in the text of the agreement is achieved to serve the common interests of both sides.

君子之国,先礼后兵。美国提出新的关税威胁后,国际社会普遍担忧中国可能取消赴美磋商计划,关注中美经贸磋商何去何从。中国从维护中美经贸关系的大局出发,保持理性、克制的态度,按照双方此前约定,于201959日至10日派出高级别代表团赴美进行第十一轮经贸磋商,展示与美国通过对话解决经贸分歧的最大诚意和负责任态度。中美双方进行了坦诚、建设性的交流,同意努力管控分歧,继续推进磋商。中国对美国单边加征关税的做法表达强烈反对,阐明严正立场,表示将不得不采取必要措施予以回击。中国再次强调,经贸协议必须是平等、互利的,在涉及中国核心利益的重大原则问题上决不会让步。双方达成协议的前提是美国取消全部加征关税,采购要符合实际,同时确保协议文本平衡,符合双方共同利益。


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